Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disorder where the immune system mistakenly attacks the joints, causing inflammation, pain, stiffness, and swelling. It typically affects joints on both sides of the body, such as the wrists, knees, and fingers. Symptoms include joint pain, fatigue, fever, and difficulty moving. RA can lead to joint damage and deformities if untreated. The exact cause is unclear, but genetic and environmental factors play a role. Diagnosis involves blood tests (e.g., rheumatoid factor, anti-CCP) and imaging. Treatment options include Homeopathic medications, pain relievers, physical therapy, and lifestyle changes to manage symptoms.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease characterized by the breakdown of cartilage, leading to pain, stiffness, and swelling in the affected joints. It commonly affects weight-bearing joints like the knees, hips, and spine, but can impact any joint. Symptoms include joint pain, reduced range of motion, and morning stiffness, which worsens with activity. OA is often related to aging, but can also result from joint injury or obesity. Diagnosis is made through physical exams and imaging tests, like X-rays.

Gout is a form of arthritis caused by a buildup of uric acid crystals in the joints, leading to sudden, severe pain, redness, and swelling, often in the big toe. It occurs when the body produces too much uric acid or doesn't excrete enough, causing crystals to form in the joints. Risk factors include obesity, high alcohol consumption, a diet rich in purines (found in red meat, shellfish, etc.), and certain medications. Diagnosis is confirmed through blood tests or joint fluid analysis. Gout can be managed with medications to reduce inflammation and lower uric acid levels, along with dietary changes.

Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a chronic inflammatory disease that primarily affects the spine, causing pain, stiffness, and reduced flexibility. Over time, the inflammation can lead to the fusion of vertebrae, resulting in a rigid spine. AS typically begins in the lower back and can spread to other joints, such as the hips, shoulders, and knees. Symptoms include chronic back pain, especially in the morning, and improved pain with exercise. The exact cause is unknown, but genetic factors, particularly the HLA-B27 gene, play a role. Treatment involves medications e.g., NSAIDs, biologics and physical therapy to manage symptoms and improve mobility.